Particles came into existence when there were sufficient space quantum systems that their combined fluctuations contained sufficient (negative) gravitational energy to counterbalance the mass-energy from these particles.
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Phenomena explained : "Background radiation". Background radiation is observed in all directions and is very uniform, consistent with there having been a universe which was so hot that it was opaque, that cooled down and liberated the radiation we now observe as background radiation. Lumpiness of the universe: The observed lumpiness of the universe is consistent with there having been a stage of the universe in which all regions were in communication with each other, which has expanded since then at more or less the rate we observe today. |
When gravitational energy matches mass energy
QO postulates that everything in the universe is composed of quantum systems or produced by them, and all interaction between things is enabled and enacted by virtue of quantum systems containing the same information only once. This single point of departure is sufficient for an entirely new, naive approach to physics.
'Everything' includes space. This leads to the conclusion that space consists of space quanta. A space quantum system cannot be structurally empty, because the outcomes of measurements of the mass and kinetic energy present at a space quantum system is governed by the Heisenberg uncertainty rules. They must always be some positive, nonzero quantities. Therefore, as the uncertainty rules allow only zero energy quantum fluctuations to persist, a fluctuation in a single space quantum cannot persist, because that would result in more (positive) mass energy being added than could be compensated by (negative) gravitational energy. Initially, quantum fluctuations of space quantum systems could result in production of new space quantum systems, but not mass energy. Persistence is possible only when there are sufficient space quantum systems to generate a whole lot of mass at once. Given that mass-energy is proportional to the total mass, whereas the gravitational energy depends on the square of the mass, there will be some point at which they would be equal, and the first particles would come into existence, a whole lot at once: the Clump.
The Clump will fill the the universe, because if it didn't, the mass fluctuation in a space quantum system next to, but not in it would persist, for the same reasons the Clump does. Because the same causes apply everywhere, the Clump is uniform at larger scales, with statistical variations at the level of the very small.
Mass to energy
As soon as the Clump came into existence, the particles of which it was comprised interacted with each other. Quarks would combine to produce particles. Some particles would be positively charged, others neutral, others negatively charged, according to the luck of the Heisenberg draw. Positively charged particles would collide with negatively charged particles, resulting in a shift from massive particles to radiation. The remaining massive particles would gain kinetic energy from the radiation. The Clump would become very hot. It would lose energy because part of the excess energy would go to producing new space quantum systems. In time, it would cool sufficiently to become transparent, liberating what we now call 'background radiation'. To all intents and purposes, it would appear as if it was the result of the Big Bang. Not only that, but it would also have uniform lumpiness in all directions.
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Credibility: This explanation involves a complex gap, because it misses a mathematical formulation of the application of the uncertainty principle to a universe consisting entirely of space quantum systems, which would result in the observed intensity and wavelengths of background radiation. That gives it an Occam Score of 0300. Nevertheless, the Clump provides the simplest possible account for the origins of the universe. Simpler than the Big Bang theory, although it accounts equally well for all the observations which have led to that theory's almost universal acceptance. Better than the Big Bang theory, because it incorporates an explanation as to how mathematics and natural law arose. And more credible than the Big Bang theory, because it does not ask us to believe that somehow, sometime, there arose out of nothing a universe of unimaginable mass and stupendous density, which then happened to explode as soon as it came into being, in other words, an unbounded paradox. That makes the Clump foundationally credible. |